Encryption is an important technology in network security. Its main objective is to secure a data and transmit it to the designated host in a safe way. To secure the data and keep it away from attackers and hackers we need the data to be protected thus we may seal the data or make it useless for the intruders who may wish to read our confidential data. Nowadays many business matters are discussed through Internet, transfer of money through Internet is common in banks, different offices of the same organizations keep in touch through Internet and transfer their important files thus this all process needs to be highly secured to make the people ease with the technology.

Encryption actually transfer our documentation or data (plain text) in such a form that is not human readable thus even if the data is being attacked the intruder won’t get the idea behind the text. This is all done through a systematic way and needs algorithms. The text received after applying the algorithms is known as Cipher text.

The encryption algorithms converts the data to ciphers by using a specific key like a typical encryption algorithm replaces every letter in plain text by its succession third letter in an alphabetic order. The text like “secret” will be converted to “vhfuhw” and this is done by replacing “s” by “v”, “e” by “h” and so on. Thus here every letter in the text is shifted thrice so our key in this encryption algorithm will be 3. now this key will be know to the receiver also and he will also be aware of the cipher text. The receiver when receives the date will then apply the key and will replace each letter by its third previous letter, simply the process will be reversed thus “v” will be replaced by “s”.

There are a lot of other techniques of encrypting the data besides this basic and elementary algorithm which are all increasing the security of the confidential data transferred during communication.