A diet comprising of correct combination of all nutrients is known as a balanced diet. A balanced diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water. It is important to have all these components in the right proportion to ensure a healthy body. A balanced diet goes a long way in preventing many diseases that affect our daily life.

Carbohydrates are the most important part of a staple diet. Most of the energy required for various functions comes from carbohydrates. It contains three elements namely carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A large share of carbohydrate in our diet comes in the form of starch. Foods like yam, potato, tapioca, rice, wheat and all other cereals are an abundant source of carbohydrates or starch. Starch is broken down into glucose in our body which is burned to release energy required for various activities. The glucose that is not used for the daily energy demands, are stored away for future use.

The next ingredient in a balanced diet is protein. Protein is the constituent which contributes towards growth and repair.

This is one reason why growing children should have more of protein in their diet. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, proteins also contain nitrogen and sulphur. The digestive system in our body breaks down the large protein molecules into amino acids which are then easily absorbed. Eggs, meat and pulses are a rich source of proteins. There are many protein supplements available in the market today but always the best diet comprises of natural sources only.

Fats are believed to be unhealthy but that is only a myth. Fats are required in the right amount for the proper functioning of the body. Next to carbohydrates fats are the major source of energy for the body. Excess fat is stored in the body. This stored fat contributes to weight gain. Monounsaturated fats are also required for absorption of vitamins in the diet. Food rich in fats are oil, butter, cheese and meat.

Vitamins though required in very minor quantity are essential part of a good and balanced diet. The main vitamins include vitamin A, B, C, D and E. Vitamin A is essential for healthy eyes. Twelve different chemicals constitute vitamin B complex.

Vitamin C is ascorbic acid and is required to repair damaged tissues. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin and helps in absorbing calcium. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a good source of vitamins.

Various mineral are also essential for a healthy diet though their intake is in small quantities. Iron, sodium, calcium and iodine are the major minerals required. A deficiency of iron can lead to reduced levels of hemoglobin and result in anemia.

Sodium forms part of the nerve cells and aids in the transmission of signals to and from the brain. Healthy bones and teeth are a result of proper intake of calcium while deficiency of iodine can lead to a multitude of health issues like the goiter.

Another important component of a good diet is fiber though it does not have any nutritional values as such. It is also called as roughage. It helps is giving a clear skin, aids in good digestion and healthy bowel movements. Lesser intake of fiber can lead to problems of colon and rectum.

The dietary requirement of each individual changes according to the lifestyle and the amount of physical activity involved.

Though the basic components of a balanced diet remain the same, the proportion of each of them will vary according to the lifestyle you are leading. It is therefore important to know your body type and requirement before deciding on the proportions of each of these.